Participation in recreational table tennis was associated with better physical performance, improved body composition, as well as increased muscle strength in male older adults (Naderi et al., 2018). Table tennis is also a common recreational activity, with 21% of the global population having an interest (International Table Tennis Federation, 2019). The 2016 Rio Olympic Games attracted more than 500 million TV viewers from over 170 countries (International Table Tennis Federation, 2019). Table tennis is a popular sport contested at the Summer Olympic Games. These findings may help understand the dominance of the shakehand grip over the penhold grip in elite athletes and provide information for grip selection, technique improvements, and exercise training. The penhold grips resulted in decreased peak racket and ball velocities in backhand strokes, likely due to its decreased shoulder, elbow, and forearm motion and less aligned longitudinal axes between the racket and forearm. The two grips demonstrated similar peak racket and ball velocities but different shoulder rotation range of motion and racket motion in forehand strokes. The shakehand grip generally demonstrated decreased final trunk left rotation angles, increased trunk right rotation angular velocities, decreased final shoulder abduction angles, increased shoulder adduction angular velocities, and increased forearm supination angular velocities. For the backhand strokes, greater ball and racket velocities were observed for the shakehand grip. The shakehand grip resulted in racket flexion angular velocity compared to racket extension velocity for the penhold grip. The shakehand grip tended to demonstrate greater shoulder external rotation angles compared to the penhold grip. For the forehand strokes, no significant differences were observed for ball or racket velocities between the two grips. Racket angles were calculated as the relative motion of the racket to the forearm. Nine penhold-grip players and 18 matched shakehand-grip players performed forehand and backhand strokes when returning topspin and backspin balls using their habitual grip styles, while the kinematics of the trunk, upper extremities, racket, and ball were collected. The purpose was to compare the joint, racket, and ball kinematics between the shakehand and penhold grips in table tennis forehand and backhand strokes when returning topspin and backspin balls in advanced male players. Identifying the factors associated with table tennis performance may provide training information for competitive athletes and guide the general population for active participation.
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January 2023
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